本館館舍位居臺南市文化核心區域，由普立茲克建築獎得主坂茂(Shigeru Ban)建築設計事務所與石昭永建築師事務所合作古蹟修復及建築增建，藉由新舊建築的活化與再造，作為臺南在地與國際藝術文化匯流的基地，帶動地方藝術文化發展， 建立城市空間與藝術生態的共融關係。

主體建築原為臺南警察署，於 1931 年落成，當時係由臺南州土木課營繕係設計監督、臺南州技師梅澤捨次郎設計，為裝飾藝術式樣 (Art Deco) 風格建築。1998 年被指定為臺南市市定古蹟，是國內仍保存的警察署建築之一。

古蹟棟主體構造為鋼筋混凝土，兩翼為紅磚混凝土構造，屋頂桁架、門窗為木構架，外牆為十三溝面磚裝飾建材，面磚色彩構成建築的雅致風格。建築中央主體山牆兩側以階梯狀下降與水平飾帶、山牆最高處勳章飾、弧形山牆底部的簷口、門窗裝飾等皆為建築裝飾式樣。

為補強展示空間的多元機能，設計單位於主建築體後方增建地上三層、地下一層之建築，由中央廊道連接起新舊建築，喚起觀者獨特感官經驗。1館展示空間約1,553平方公尺，設有10間展覽室、輕飲食區、典藏庫房、文物修復與檢測空間。

The Tainan Art Museum is located in the cultural heart of Tainan City. Its restoration and architectural expansion were jointly designed by Shigeru Ban Architects—led by Pritzker Architecture Prize laureate Shigeru Ban—and Joe Shih Architects. Through the revitalization and integration of historic structures with contempo rary architecture, the museum serves as a nexus where local and international art and culture converge, fostering the development of the regional arts scene and cultivating a harmonious relationship between urban space and the artistic ecosystem.

The main building was formerly Tainan’s general police station, designed by Japanese architect Sutejiro Umezawa and completed in 1931. An Art Deco style structure of reinforced concrete, the outer walls of the two wings are covered by Thirteen Ditch bricks, which create both a colorful yet elegant style. It was designated a Tainan Historical Site in 1998. It is one of the few well-kept old police stations in Taiwan.

Restoration: To create more exhibition and collection space, three new floors were added to the rear of the original building. The new addition is connected by a central glass corridor which creates a unique experience visually and spatially. The exhibition space is 1,553 square meters in total. It consists of ten exhibition rooms, a collection area, the Art Conservation and Scientific Research Center and a cafe.